By Dr. Samantha Ristimaki, BSc, ND of Balance Wellness Center

Cervical cancer is the fifth most common cancer affecting women worldwide.  Approximately 471,000 new cases are reported every year.  In less developed countries, cervical cancer is the second most common form of cancer diagnosed in women. About 90% of the time this type of cancer is treatable, especially if detected early with a PAP test.  

Although not the most pleasant experience for most women, a PAP test has tremendous value in preventative health care for young women.  This simple test is performed during a routine pelvic examination and provides information about abnormal cell growth which can lead to cervical cancer.  Since cervical cancer is a relatively slow developing form of cancer, early detection is your first line of defense.  

How often do I need a PAP test? 

Women who are sexually active and/or over the age of 18 should get a PAP test once a year.  Women who have had more than one sexual partner, have HPV or smoke are at higher risk of developing cervical cancer.   

When should I go for a PAP?

Since blood can obscure the results of the test, the best time to have a PAP test done is between 10 and 20 days after the start of your last period.  Be sure you avoid spermicides, vaginal medicine and douching for two days before your appointment.  

What does an abnormal PAP test mean? 

Abnormal cells can be a sign of several different things.  Infections like Chlamydia, yeast or genital herpes can cause abnormal cells.  Diaphragm, cervical caps, douches and tampons can irritate tissue and cause abnormal results.  Abnormal cell growth like Dysplasia may be caused by HPV or genital warts.   

What happens after an abnormal PAP?

If infection is suspected as the cause of abnormality, it can easily be treated.  If dysplasia is suspected, you may be asked to repeat the test in 3-6 months.  Mild dysplasia may go away on its own.  A colposcopy, the examination of the cervix, may be performed and biopsy of the cervix may be taken to determine if abnormal cells are really present. 

 In dealing with cervical cancer, an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. 

 Remember to schedule your yearly PAP!